Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain and stiffness. Over time, it can cause the vertebrae in the spine to fuse, resulting in reduced flexibility and a hunched posture. While AS most commonly affects the lower back, it can also impact other joints, the eyes, and, in rare cases, organs like the heart and lungs. The exact cause of AS is unknown, but genetic factors, particularly the HLA-B27 gene, play a significant role. Symptoms often start in early adulthood, with men being more frequently affected than women.
Treatment for ankylosing spondylitis focuses on managing symptoms and preventing the progression of the disease, as there is no cure. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often the first line of treatment to reduce pain and inflammation. Physical therapy and regular exercise are crucial to maintaining posture and flexibility. Surgery is rarely needed but may be considered if there is severe joint damage or spinal deformity. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy weight, can also help manage the condition.
