Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a condition that involves the narrowing or blockage of blood vessels outside of the heart and brain, most commonly affecting the arteries in the legs. This reduced blood flow usually develops gradually due to a buildup of fatty deposits, known as plaque, along the artery walls. As the arteries become narrower, less oxygen-rich blood is able to reach the muscles and tissues, especially during physical activity when the body’s demand for oxygen increases.
People with PVD may experience symptoms such as leg discomfort, cramping, heaviness, or fatigue that often worsens with walking or exercise and improves with rest. In more advanced cases, decreased circulation can lead to changes in skin color, temperature, or hair growth in the affected limbs. The condition reflects underlying changes in the vascular system that can affect overall circulation and tissue health over time.
