Osteoarthritis of the elbow is a degenerative joint condition where the smooth cartilage that cushions the bones in the elbow gradually wears down over time. As this cartilage breaks down, the bones begin to rub against each other, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. Although it is less common in the elbow compared to weight-bearing joints like the knees or hips, it often develops in people who have had repetitive use of the joint, prior injuries, or a history of heavy manual labor or sports that place stress on the arm.
As the condition progresses, the elbow may become increasingly stiff, making it difficult to fully bend or straighten the arm. Some people may also notice grinding or catching sensations within the joint due to roughened bone surfaces or the formation of bone spurs. Swelling can occur intermittently, especially after activity, and daily tasks such as lifting, reaching, or carrying objects may become more challenging. Over time, these changes can affect overall arm function and comfort in routine movements.
